System and method for representing pma attributes as sma attributes in a high performance computing environment

ABSTRACT

System and method representing PMA attributes as SMA attributes in a high performance computing environment. In general legacy systems, performance metrics, as collected by a performance management agent, can only be collected via the use of general data packets traversing a subnet. In accordance with an embodiment, by configuring a SMA attribute to comprise the same performance metrics as collected by a PMA, a subnet manager, or another management component, can access the performance metrics in-band via the use of a subnet management packet.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY AND CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING SCALABLEBIT MAP BASED P_KEY TABLE IN A COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT”, Application No.62/287,704, filed on Jan. 27, 2016, which is incorporated by referencein its entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention is generally related to computer systems, and isparticularly related to representing PMA attributes as SMA attributes ina high performance computing environment.

BACKGROUND

As larger cloud computing architectures are introduced, the performanceand administrative bottlenecks associated with the traditional networkand storage have become a significant problem. There has been anincreased interest in using high performance lossless interconnects suchas InfiniBand (IB) technology as the foundation for a cloud computingfabric. This is the general area that embodiments of the invention areintended to address.

SUMMARY

Described herein systems and methods for representing PMA attributes asSMA attributes in a high performance computing environment. An exemplarymethod can provide, at one or more computers, including one or moremicroprocessors, at least one subnet, the at least one subnet comprisingone or more switches, the one or more switches comprising at least aleaf switch, wherein each of the one or more switches comprise aplurality of ports, a plurality of host channel adapters, wherein eachof the host channel adapters comprise at least one virtual function, atleast one virtual switch, and at least one physical function, andwherein the plurality of host channel adapters are interconnected viathe one or more switches, a plurality of hypervisors, wherein each ofthe plurality of hypervisors are associated with at least one hostchannel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters, a pluralityof virtual machines, wherein each of the plurality of virtual machinesare associated with at least one virtual function, and a subnet manager,the subnet manager running on a switch of the one or more switches or ahost channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters. Themethod can provide, at each of the one or more switches, at least oneattribute. The method can provide a subnet management agent (SMA) of aplurality of subnet management agents at a switch of the one or moreswitches. The method can provide a performance management agent (PMA) atthe switch of the one or more switches. The method can monitor, by theperformance management agent of the switch of the one or more switchesmonitors, performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches.The method can collect, by the performance management agent of theswitch of the one or more switches, the performance metrics of theswitch of the one or more switches.

In accordance with an embodiment, one or more of the plurality of hostchannel adapters can comprise at least one virtual function, at leastone virtual switch, and at least one physical function. The plurality ofend nodes can comprise physical hosts, virtual machines, or acombination of physical hosts and virtual machines, wherein the virtualmachines are associated with at least one virtual function.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows an illustration of an InfiniBand environment, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows an illustration of a partitioned cluster environment, inaccordance with an embodiment

FIG. 3 shows an illustration of a tree topology in a networkenvironment, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary shared port architecture, in accordance withan embodiment.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture, in accordance with anembodiment.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary vPort architecture, in accordance with anembodiment.

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture with prepopulated LIDs,in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture with dynamic LIDassignment, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture with vSwitch with dynamicLID assignment and prepopulated LIDs, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary multi-subnet InfiniBand fabric, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIG. 11 shows a system for representing PMA attributes as SMA attributesin a high performance computing environment, in accordance with anembodiment.

FIG. 12 shows a system for representing PMA attributes as SMA attributesin a high performance computing environment, in accordance with anembodiment.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart for a method for representing PMA attributes asSMA attributes in a high performance computing environment, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart for a method for representing PMA attributes asSMA attributes in a high performance computing environment, inaccordance with an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention is illustrated, by way of example and not by way oflimitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which likereferences indicate similar elements. It should be noted that referencesto “an” or “one” or “some” embodiment(s) in this disclosure are notnecessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at leastone. While specific implementations are discussed, it is understood thatthe specific implementations are provided for illustrative purposesonly. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that othercomponents and configurations may be used without departing from thescope and spirit of the invention.

Common reference numerals can be used to indicate like elementsthroughout the drawings and detailed description; therefore, referencenumerals used in a figure may or may not be referenced in the detaileddescription specific to such figure if the element is describedelsewhere.

Described herein systems and methods for representing PMA (PerformanceManagement Agent) attributes as SMA (Subnet Management Agent) attributesin a high performance computing environment.

The following description of the invention uses an InfiniBand™ (IB)network as an example for a high performance network. Throughout thefollowing description, reference can be made to the InfiniBand™specification (also referred to variously as the InfiniBandspecification, IB specification, or the legacy IB specification). Suchreference is understood to refer to the InfiniBand® Trade AssociationArchitecture Specification, Volume 1, Version 1.3, released March, 2015,available at http://www.inifinibandta.org, which is herein incorporatedby reference in its entirety. It will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that other types of high performance networks can be usedwithout limitation. The following description also uses the fat-treetopology as an example for a fabric topology. It will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that other types of fabric topologies can beused without limitation.

To meet the demands of the cloud in the current era (e.g., Exascaleera), it is desirable for virtual machines to be able to utilize lowoverhead network communication paradigms such as Remote Direct MemoryAccess (RDMA). RDMA bypasses the OS stack and communicates directly withthe hardware, thus, pass-through technology like Single-Root I/OVirtualization (SR-IOV) network adapters can be used. In accordance withan embodiment, a virtual switch (vSwitch) SR-IOV architecture can beprovided for applicability in high performance lossless interconnectionnetworks. As network reconfiguration time is critical to makelive-migration a practical option, in addition to network architecture,a scalable and topology-agnostic dynamic reconfiguration mechanism canbe provided.

In accordance with an embodiment, and furthermore, routing strategiesfor virtualized environments using vSwitches can be provided, and anefficient routing algorithm for network topologies (e.g., Fat-Treetopologies) can be provided. The dynamic reconfiguration mechanism canbe further tuned to minimize imposed overhead in Fat-Trees.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, virtualization can bebeneficial to efficient resource utilization and elastic resourceallocation in cloud computing. Live migration makes it possible tooptimize resource usage by moving virtual machines (VMs) betweenphysical servers in an application transparent manner. Thus,virtualization can enable consolidation, on-demand provisioning ofresources, and elasticity through live migration.

InfiniBand™

InfiniBand™ (IB) is an open standard lossless network technologydeveloped by the InfiniBand™ Trade Association. The technology is basedon a serial point-to-point full-duplex interconnect that offers highthroughput and low latency communication, geared particularly towardshigh-performance computing (H PC) applications and datacenters.

The InfiniBand™ Architecture (IBA) supports a two-layer topologicaldivision. At the lower layer, IB networks are referred to as subnets,where a subnet can include a set of hosts interconnected using switchesand point-to-point links. At the higher level, an IB fabric constitutesone or more subnets, which can be interconnected using routers.

Within a subnet, hosts can be connected using switches andpoint-to-point links. Additionally, there can be a master managemententity, the subnet manager (SM), which resides on a designated device inthe subnet. The subnet manager is responsible for configuring,activating and maintaining the IB subnet. Additionally, the subnetmanager (SM) can be responsible for performing routing tablecalculations in an IB fabric. Here, for example, the routing of the IBnetwork aims at proper load balancing between all source and destinationpairs in the local subnet.

Through the subnet management interface, the subnet manager exchangescontrol packets, which are referred to as subnet management packets(SMPs), with subnet management agents (SMAs). The subnet managementagents reside on every IB subnet device. By using SMPs, the subnetmanager is able to discover the fabric, configure end nodes andswitches, and receive notifications from SMAs.

In accordance with an embodiment, intra-subnet routing in an IB networkcan be based on linear forwarding tables (LFTs) stored in the switches.The LFTs are calculated by the SM according to the routing mechanism inuse. In a subnet, Host Channel Adapter (HCA) ports on the end nodes andswitches are addressed using local identifiers (LIDs). Each entry in alinear forwarding table (LFT) consists of a destination LID (DLID) andan output port. Only one entry per LID in the table is supported. When apacket arrives at a switch, its output port is determined by looking upthe DLID in the forwarding table of the switch. The routing isdeterministic as packets take the same path in the network between agiven source-destination pair (LID pair).

Generally, all other subnet managers, excepting the master subnetmanager, act in standby mode for fault-tolerance. In a situation where amaster subnet manager fails, however, a new master subnet manager isnegotiated by the standby subnet managers. The master subnet manageralso performs periodic sweeps of the subnet to detect any topologychanges and reconfigure the network accordingly.

Furthermore, hosts and switches within a subnet can be addressed usinglocal identifiers (LIDs), and a single subnet can be limited to 49151unicast LIDs. Besides the LIDs, which are the local addresses that arevalid within a subnet, each IB device can have a 64-bit global uniqueidentifier (GUID). A GUID can be used to form a global identifier (GID),which is an IB layer three (L3) address.

The SM can calculate routing tables (i.e., the connections/routesbetween each pair of nodes within the subnet) at network initializationtime. Furthermore, the routing tables can be updated whenever thetopology changes, in order to ensure connectivity and optimalperformance. During normal operations, the SM can perform periodic lightsweeps of the network to check for topology changes. If a change isdiscovered during a light sweep or if a message (trap) signaling anetwork change is received by the SM, the SM can reconfigure the networkaccording to the discovered changes.

For example, the SM can reconfigure the network when the networktopology changes, such as when a link goes down, when a device is added,or when a link is removed. The reconfiguration steps can include thesteps performed during the network initialization. Furthermore, thereconfigurations can have a local scope that is limited to the subnets,in which the network changes occurred. Also, the segmenting of a largefabric with routers may limit the reconfiguration scope.

An example InfiniBand fabric is shown in FIG. 1, which shows anillustration of an InfiniBand environment 100, in accordance with anembodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 1, nodes A-E, 101-105, use theInfiniBand fabric, 120, to communicate, via the respective host channeladapters 111-115. In accordance with an embodiment, the various nodes,e.g., nodes A-E, 101-105, can be represented by various physicaldevices. In accordance with an embodiment, the various nodes, e.g.,nodes A-E, 101-105, can be represented by various virtual devices, suchas virtual machines.

Partitioning in InfiniBand

In accordance with an embodiment, IB networks can support partitioningas a security mechanism to provide for isolation of logical groups ofsystems sharing a network fabric. Each HCA port on a node in the fabriccan be a member of one or more partitions. Partition memberships aremanaged by a centralized partition manager, which can be part of the SM.The SM can configure partition membership information on each port as atable of 16-bit partition keys (P_Keys). The SM can also configureswitch and router ports with the partition enforcement tables containingP_Key information associated with the end-nodes that send or receivedata traffic through these ports. Additionally, in a general case,partition membership of a switch port can represent a union of allmembership indirectly associated with LIDs routed via the port in anegress (towards the link) direction.

In accordance with an embodiment, partitions are logical groups of portssuch that the members of a group can only communicate to other membersof the same logical group. At host channel adapters (HCAs) and switches,packets can be filtered using the partition membership information toenforce isolation. Packets with invalid partitioning information can bedropped as soon as the packets reaches an incoming port. In partitionedIB systems, partitions can be used to create tenant clusters. Wthpartition enforcement in place, a node cannot communicate with othernodes that belong to a different tenant cluster. In this way, thesecurity of the system can be guaranteed even in the presence ofcompromised or malicious tenant nodes.

In accordance with an embodiment, for the communication between nodes,Queue Pairs (QPs) and End-to-End contexts (EECs) can be assigned to aparticular partition, except for the management Queue Pairs (QP0 andQP1). The P_Key information can then be added to every IB transportpacket sent. When a packet arrives at an HCA port or a switch, its P_Keyvalue can be validated against a table configured by the SM. If aninvalid P_Key value is found, the packet is discarded immediately. Inthis way, communication is allowed only between ports sharing apartition.

An example of IB partitions is shown in FIG. 2, which shows anillustration of a partitioned cluster environment, in accordance with anembodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 2, nodes A-E, 101-105, use theInfiniBand fabric, 120, to communicate, via the respective host channeladapters 111-115. The nodes A-E are arranged into partitions, namelypartition 1, 130, partition 2, 140, and partition 3, 150. Partition 1comprises node A 101 and node D 104. Partition 2 comprises node A 101,node B 102, and node C 103. Partition 3 comprises node C 103 and node E105. Because of the arrangement of the partitions, node D 104 and node E105 are not allowed to communicate as these nodes do not share apartition. Meanwhile, for example, node A 101 and node C 103 are allowedto communicate as these nodes are both members of partition 2, 140.

Virtual Machines in InfiniBand

During the last decade, the prospect of virtualized High PerformanceComputing (HPC) environments has improved considerably as CPU overheadhas been practically removed through hardware virtualization support;memory overhead has been significantly reduced by virtualizing theMemory Management Unit; storage overhead has been reduced by the use offast SAN storages or distributed networked file systems; and network I/Ooverhead has been reduced by the use of device passthrough techniqueslike Single Root Input/Output Virtualization (SR-IOV). It is nowpossible for clouds to accommodate virtual HPC (vHPC) clusters usinghigh performance interconnect solutions and deliver the necessaryperformance.

However, when coupled with lossless networks, such as InfiniBand (IB),certain cloud functionality, such as live migration of virtual machines(VMs), still remains an issue due to the complicated addressing androuting schemes used in these solutions. IB is an interconnectionnetwork technology offering high bandwidth and low latency, thus, isvery well suited for HPC and other communication intensive workloads.

The traditional approach for connecting IB devices to VMs is byutilizing SR-IOV with direct assignment. However, achieving livemigration of VMs assigned with IB Host Channel Adapters (HCAs) usingSR-IOV has proved to be challenging. Each IB connected node has threedifferent addresses: LID, GUID, and GID. When a live migration happens,one or more of these addresses change. Other nodes communicating withthe VM-in-migration can lose connectivity. When this happens, the lostconnection can be attempted to be renewed by locating the virtualmachine's new address to reconnect to by sending Subnet Administration(SA) path record queries to the IB Subnet Manager (SM).

IB uses three different types of addresses. A first type of address isthe 16 bits Local Identifier (LID). At least one unique LID is assignedto each HCA port and each switch by the SM. The LIDs are used to routetraffic within a subnet. Since the LID is 16 bits long, 65536 uniqueaddress combinations can be made, of which only 49151 (0x0001-0BFFF) canbe used as unicast addresses. Consequently, the number of availableunicast addresses defines the maximum size of an IB subnet. A secondtype of address is the 64 bits Global Unique Identifier (GUID) assignedby the manufacturer to each device (e.g. HCAs and switches) and each HCAport. The SM may assign additional subnet unique GUIDs to an HCA port,which is useful when SR-IOV is used. A third type of address is the 128bits Global Identifier (GID). The GID is a valid IPv6 unicast address,and at least one is assigned to each HCA port. The GID is formed bycombining a globally unique 64 bits prefix assigned by the fabricadministrator, and the GUID address of each HCA port.

Fat-Tree (FTree) Topolodies and Routind

In accordance with an embodiment, some of the IB based HPC systemsemploy a fat-tree topology to take advantage of the useful propertiesfat-trees offer. These properties include full bisection-bandwidth andinherent fault-tolerance due to the availability of multiple pathsbetween each source destination pair. The initial idea behind fat-treeswas to employ fatter links between nodes, with more available bandwidth,as the tree moves towards the roots of the topology. The fatter linkscan help to avoid congestion in the upper-level switches and thebisection-bandwidth is maintained.

FIG. 3 shows an illustration of a tree topology in a networkenvironment, in accordance with an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, oneor more end nodes 201-204 can be connected in a network fabric 200. Thenetwork fabric 200 can be based on a fat-tree topology, which includes aplurality of leaf switches 211-214, and multiple spine switches or rootswitches 231-234. Additionally, the network fabric 200 can include oneor more intermediate switches, such as switches 221-224.

Also as shown in FIG. 3, each of the end nodes 201-204 can be amulti-homed node, i.e., a single node that is connected to two or moreparts of the network fabric 200 through multiple ports. For example, thenode 201 can include the ports H1 and H2, the node 202 can include theports H3 and H4, the node 203 can include the ports H5 and H6, and thenode 204 can include the ports H7 and H8.

Additionally, each switch can have multiple switch ports. For example,the root switch 231 can have the switch ports 1-2, the root switch 232can have the switch ports 3-4, the root switch 233 can have the switchports 5-6, and the root switch 234 can have the switch ports 7-8.

In accordance with an embodiment, the fat-tree routing mechanism is oneof the most popular routing algorithm for IB based fat-tree topologies.The fat-tree routing mechanism is also implemented in the OFED (OpenFabric Enterprise Distribution—a standard software stack for buildingand deploying IB based applications) subnet manager, OpenSM.

The fat-tree routing mechanism aims to generate LFTs that evenly spreadshortest-path routes across the links in the network fabric. Themechanism traverses the fabric in the indexing order and assigns targetLIDs of the end nodes, and thus the corresponding routes, to each switchport. For the end nodes connected to the same leaf switch, the indexingorder can depend on the switch port to which the end node is connected(i.e., port numbering sequence). For each port, the mechanism canmaintain a port usage counter, and can use this port usage counter toselect a least-used port each time a new route is added.

In accordance with an embodiment, in a partitioned subnet, nodes thatare not members of a common partition are not allowed to communicate.Practically, this means that some of the routes assigned by the fat-treerouting algorithm are not used for the user traffic. The problem ariseswhen the fat tree routing mechanism generates LFTs for those routes thesame way it does for the other functional paths. This behavior canresult in degraded balancing on the links, as nodes are routed in theorder of indexing. As routing can be performed oblivious to thepartitions, fat-tree routed subnets, in general, provide poor isolationamong partitions.

In accordance with an embodiment, a Fat-Tree is a hierarchical networktopology that can scale with the available network resources. Moreover,Fat-Trees are easy to build using commodity switches placed on differentlevels of the hierarchy. Different variations of Fat-Trees are commonlyavailable, including k-ary-n-trees, Extended Generalized Fat-Trees(XGFTs), Parallel Ports Generalized Fat-Trees (PGFTs) and Real LifeFat-Trees (RLFTs).

A k-ary-n-tree is an n level Fat-Tree with k^(n) end nodes and n·k^(n-1)switches, each with 2k ports. Each switch has an equal number of up anddown connections in the tree. XGFT Fat-Tree extends k-ary-n-trees byallowing both different number of up and down connections for theswitches, and different number of connections at each level in the tree.The PGFT definition further broadens the XGFT topologies and permitsmultiple connections between switches. A large variety of topologies canbe defined using XGFTs and PGFTs. However, for practical purposes, RLFT,which is a restricted version of PGFT, is introduced to define Fat-Treescommonly found in today's HPC clusters. An RLFT uses the same port-countswitches at all levels in the Fat-Tree.

In accordance with an embodiment, link within a subnet can comprise anumber of virtual lanes (VLs). VLs are separate logical communicationlinks that share a same physical link. Virtual Lanes enable multipleindependent data flows to share a same link and separate buffering andflow control for each flow. In general, each physical link within asubnet, such as an InfiniBand subnet, can support up to 15 standard VLs(designated VL0 through VL14), and one management VL (VL15). Themanagement virtual lane, VL15, is generally given a greater prioritythat the standard VLs.

Input/Output (I/O) virtualization

In accordance with an embodiment, I/O Virtualization (IOV) can provideavailability of I/O by allowing virtual machines (VMs) to access theunderlying physical resources. The combination of storage traffic andinter-server communication impose an increased load that may overwhelmthe I/O resources of a single server, leading to backlogs and idleprocessors as they are waiting for data. Wth the increase in number ofI/O requests, IOV can provide availability; and can improve performance,scalability and flexibility of the (virtualized) I/O resources to matchthe level of performance seen in modern CPU virtualization.

In accordance with an embodiment, IOV is desired as it can allow sharingof I/O resources and provide protected access to the resources from theVMs. IOV decouples a logical device, which is exposed to a VM, from itsphysical implementation. Currently, there can be different types of IOVtechnologies, such as emulation, paravirtualization, direct assignment(DA), and single root-I/O virtualization (SR-IOV).

In accordance with an embodiment, one type of IOV technology is softwareemulation. Software emulation can allow for a decoupledfront-end/back-end software architecture. The front-end can be a devicedriver placed in the VM, communicating with the back-end implemented bya hypervisor to provide I/O access. The physical device sharing ratio ishigh and live migrations of VMs are possible with just a fewmilliseconds of network downtime. However, software emulation introducesadditional, undesired computational overhead.

In accordance with an embodiment, another type of IOV technology isdirect device assignment. Direct device assignment involves a couplingof I/O devices to VMs, with no device sharing between VMs. Directassignment, or device passthrough, provides near to native performancewith minimum overhead. The physical device bypasses the hypervisor andis directly attached to the VM. However, a downside of such directdevice assignment is limited scalability, as there is no sharing amongvirtual machines—one physical network card is coupled with one VM.

In accordance with an embodiment, Single Root IOV (SR-IOV) can allow aphysical device to appear through hardware virtualization as multipleindependent lightweight instances of the same device. These instancescan be assigned to VMs as passthrough devices, and accessed as VirtualFunctions (VFs). The hypervisor accesses the device through a unique(per device), fully featured Physical Function (PF). SR-IOV eases thescalability issue of pure direct assignment. However, a problempresented by SR-IOV is that it can impair VM migration. Among these IOVtechnologies, SR-IOV can extend the PCI Express (PCIe) specificationwith the means to allow direct access to a single physical device frommultiple VMs while maintaining near to native performance. Thus, SR-IOVcan provide good performance and scalability.

SR-IOV allows a PCIe device to expose multiple virtual devices that canbe shared between multiple guests by allocating one virtual device toeach guest. Each SR-IOV device has at least one physical function (PF)and one or more associated virtual functions (VF). A PF is a normal PCIefunction controlled by the virtual machine monitor (VMM), or hypervisor,whereas a VF is a light-weight PCIe function. Each VF has its own baseaddress (BAR) and is assigned with a unique requester ID that enablesI/O memory management unit (IOMMU) to differentiate between the trafficstreams to/from different VFs. The IOMMU also apply memory and interrupttranslations between the PF and the VFs.

Unfortunately, however, direct device assignment techniques pose abarrier for cloud providers in situations where transparent livemigration of virtual machines is desired for data center optimization.The essence of live migration is that the memory contents of a VM arecopied to a remote hypervisor. Then the VM is paused at the sourcehypervisor, and the VM's operation is resumed at the destination. Whenusing software emulation methods, the network interfaces are virtual sotheir internal states are stored into the memory and get copied as well.Thus the downtime could be brought down to a few milliseconds.

However, migration becomes more difficult when direct device assignmenttechniques, such as SR-IOV, are used. In such situations, a completeinternal state of the network interface cannot be copied as it is tiedto the hardware. The SR-IOV VFs assigned to a VM are instead detached,the live migration will run, and a new VF will be attached at thedestination. In the case of InfiniBand and SR-IOV, this process canintroduce downtime in the order of seconds. Moreover, in an SR-IOVshared port model the addresses of the VM will change after themigration, causing additional overhead in the SM and a negative impacton the performance of the underlying network fabric.

InfiniBand SR-IOV Architecture—Shared Port

There can be different types of SR-IOV models, e.g. a shared port model,a virtual switch model, and a virtual port model.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary shared port architecture, in accordance withan embodiment. As depicted in the figure, a host 300 (e.g., a hostchannel adapter) can interact with a hypervisor 310, which can assignthe various virtual functions 330, 340, 350, to a number of virtualmachines. As well, the physical function can be handled by thehypervisor 310.

In accordance with an embodiment, when using a shared port architecture,such as that depicted in FIG. 4, the host, e.g., HCA, appears as asingle port in the network with a single shared LID and shared QueuePair (QP) space between the physical function 320 and the virtualfunctions 330, 350, 350. However, each function (i.e., physical functionand virtual functions) can have their own GID.

As shown in FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment, different GIDs canbe assigned to the virtual functions and the physical function, and thespecial queue pairs, QPO and QP1 (i.e., special purpose queue pairs thatare used for InfiniBand management packets), are owned by the physicalfunction. These QPs are exposed to the VFs as well, but the VFs are notallowed to use QPO (all SMPs coming from VFs towards QPO are discarded),and QP1 can act as a proxy of the actual QP1 owned by the PF.

In accordance with an embodiment, the shared port architecture can allowfor highly scalable data centers that are not limited by the number ofVMs (which attach to the network by being assigned to the virtualfunctions), as the LID space is only consumed by physical machines andswitches in the network.

However, a shortcoming of the shared port architecture is the inabilityto provide transparent live migration, hindering the potential forflexible VM placement. As each LID is associated with a specifichypervisor, and shared among all VMs residing on the hypervisor, amigrating VM (i.e., a virtual machine migrating to a destinationhypervisor) has to have its LID changed to the LID of the destinationhypervisor. Furthermore, as a consequence of the restricted QPO access,a subnet manager cannot run inside a VM.

InfiniBand SR-IOV Architecture Models—Virtual Switch (vSwitch)

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture, in accordance with anembodiment. As depicted in the figure, a host 400 (e.g., a host channeladapter) can interact with a hypervisor 410, which can assign thevarious virtual functions 430, 440, 450, to a number of virtualmachines. As well, the physical function can be handled by thehypervisor 410. A virtual switch 415 can also be handled by thehypervisor 401.

In accordance with an embodiment, in a vSwitch architecture each virtualfunction 430, 440, 450 is a complete virtual Host Channel Adapter(vHCA), meaning that the VM assigned to a VF is assigned a complete setof IB addresses (e.g., GID, GUID, LID) and a dedicated QP space in thehardware. For the rest of the network and the SM, the HCA 400 looks likea switch, via the virtual switch 415, with additional nodes connected toit. The hypervisor 410 can use the PF 420, and the VMs (attached to thevirtual functions) use the VFs.

In accordance with an embodiment, a vSwitch architecture providetransparent virtualization. However, because each virtual function isassigned a unique LID, the number of available LIDs gets consumedrapidly. As well, with many LID addresses in use (i.e., one each foreach physical function and each virtual function), more communicationpaths have to be computed by the SM and more Subnet Management Packets(SMPs) have to be sent to the switches in order to update their LFTs.For example, the computation of the communication paths might takeseveral minutes in large networks. Because LID space is limited to 49151unicast LIDs, and as each VM (via a VF), physical node, and switchoccupies one LID each, the number of physical nodes and switches in thenetwork limits the number of active VMs, and vice versa.

InfiniBand SR-IOV Architecture Models—Virtual Port (vPort)

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary vPort concept, in accordance with anembodiment. As depicted in the figure, a host 300 (e.g., a host channeladapter) can interact with a hypervisor 410, which can assign thevarious virtual functions 330, 340, 350, to a number of virtualmachines. As well, the physical function can be handled by thehypervisor 310.

In accordance with an embodiment, the vPort concept is loosely definedin order to give freedom of implementation to vendors (e.g. thedefinition does not rule that the implementation has to be SRIOVspecific), and a goal of the vPort is to standardize the way VMs arehandled in subnets. Wth the vPort concept, both SR-IOV Shared-Port-likeand vSwitch-like architectures or a combination of both, that can bemore scalable in both the space and performance domains, can be defined.A vPort supports optional LIDs, and unlike the Shared-Port, the SM isaware of all the vPorts available in a subnet even if a vPort is notusing a dedicated LID.

InfiniBand SR-IOV Architecture Models—vSwitch with Prepopulated LIDs

In accordance with an embodiment, the present disclosure provides asystem and method for providing a vSwitch architecture with prepopulatedLIDs.

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture with prepopulated LIDs,in accordance with an embodiment. As depicted in the figure, a number ofswitches 501-504 can provide communication within the network switchedenvironment 600 (e.g., an IB subnet) between members of a fabric, suchas an InfiniBand fabric. The fabric can include a number of hardwaredevices, such as host channel adapters 510, 520, 530. Each of the hostchannel adapters 510, 520, 530, can in turn interact with a hypervisor511, 521, and 531, respectively. Each hypervisor can, in turn, inconjunction with the host channel adapter it interacts with, setup andassign a number of virtual functions 514, 515, 516, 524, 525, 526, 534,535, 536, to a number of virtual machines. For example, virtual machine1 550 can be assigned by the hypervisor 511 to virtual function 1 514.Hypervisor 511 can additionally assign virtual machine 2 551 to virtualfunction 2 515, and virtual machine 3 552 to virtual function 3 516.Hypervisor 531 can, in turn, assign virtual machine 4 553 to virtualfunction 1 534. The hypervisors can access the host channel adaptersthrough a fully featured physical function 513, 523, 533, on each of thehost channel adapters.

In accordance with an embodiment, each of the switches 501-504 cancomprise a number of ports (not shown), which are used in setting alinear forwarding table in order to direct traffic within the networkswitched environment 600.

In accordance with an embodiment, the virtual switches 512, 522, and532, can be handled by their respective hypervisors 511, 521, 531. Insuch a vSwitch architecture each virtual function is a complete virtualHost Channel Adapter (vHCA), meaning that the VM assigned to a VF isassigned a complete set of IB addresses (e.g., GID, GUID, LID) and adedicated QP space in the hardware. For the rest of the network and theSM (not shown), the HCAs 510, 520, and 530 look like a switch, via thevirtual switches, with additional nodes connected to them.

In accordance with an embodiment, the present disclosure provides asystem and method for providing a vSwitch architecture with prepopulatedLIDs. Referring to FIG. 7, the LIDs are prepopulated to the variousphysical functions 513, 523, 533, as well as the virtual functions514-516, 524-526, 534-536 (even those virtual functions not currentlyassociated with an active virtual machine). For example, physicalfunction 513 is prepopulated with LID 1, while virtual function 1 534 isprepopulated with LID 10. The LIDs are prepopulated in an SR-IOVvSwitch-enabled subnet when the network is booted. Even when not all ofthe VFs are occupied by VMs in the network, the populated VFs areassigned with a LID as shown in FIG. 7.

In accordance with an embodiment, much like physical host channeladapters can have more than one port (two ports are common forredundancy), virtual HCAs can also be represented with two ports and beconnected via one, two or more virtual switches to the external IBsubnet.

In accordance with an embodiment, in a vSwitch architecture withprepopulated LIDs, each hypervisor can consume one LID for itselfthrough the PF and one more LID for each additional VF. The sum of allthe VFs available in all hypervisors in an IB subnet, gives the maximumamount of VMs that are allowed to run in the subnet. For example, in anIB subnet with 16 virtual functions per hypervisor in the subnet, theneach hypervisor consumes 17 LIDs (one LID for each of the 16 virtualfunctions plus one LID for the physical function) in the subnet. In suchan IB subnet, the theoretical hypervisor limit for a single subnet isruled by the number of available unicast LIDs and is: 2891 (49151available LIDs divided by 17 LIDs per hypervisor), and the total numberof VMs (i.e., the limit) is 46256 (2891 hypervisors times 16 VFs perhypervisor). (In actuality, these numbers are actually smaller sinceeach switch, router, or dedicated SM node in the IB subnet consumes aLID as well). Note that the vSwitch does not need to occupy anadditional LID as it can share the LID with the PF

In accordance with an embodiment, in a vSwitch architecture withprepopulated LIDs, communication paths are computed for all the LIDs thefirst time the network is booted. When a new VM needs to be started thesystem does not have to add a new LID in the subnet, an action thatwould otherwise cause a complete reconfiguration of the network,including path recalculation, which is the most time consuming part.Instead, an available port for a VM is located (i.e., an availablevirtual function) in one of the hypervisors and the virtual machine isattached to the available virtual function.

In accordance with an embodiment, a vSwitch architecture withprepopulated LIDs also allows for the ability to calculate and usedifferent paths to reach different VMs hosted by the same hypervisor.Essentially, this allows for such subnets and networks to use a LID MaskControl (LMC) like feature to provide alternative paths towards onephysical machine, without being bound by the limitation of the LMC thatrequires the LIDs to be sequential. The freedom to use non-sequentialLIDs is particularly useful when a VM needs to be migrated and carry itsassociated LID to the destination.

In accordance with an embodiment, along with the benefits shown above ofa vSwitch architecture with prepopulated LIDs, certain considerationscan be taken into account. For example, because the LIDs areprepopulated in an SR-IOV vSwitch-enabled subnet when the network isbooted, the initial path computation (e.g., on boot-up) can take longerthan if the LIDs were not pre-populated.

InfiniBand SR-IOV Architecture Models—vSwitch with Dynamic LIDAssionment

In accordance with an embodiment, the present disclosure provides asystem and method for providing a vSwitch architecture with dynamic LIDassignment.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture with dynamic LIDassignment, in accordance with an embodiment. As depicted in the figure,a number of switches 501-504 can provide communication within thenetwork switched environment 700 (e.g., an IB subnet) between members ofa fabric, such as an InfiniBand fabric. The fabric can include a numberof hardware devices, such as host channel adapters 510, 520, 530. Eachof the host channel adapters 510, 520, 530, can in turn interact with ahypervisor 511, 521, 531, respectively. Each hypervisor can, in turn, inconjunction with the host channel adapter it interacts with, setup andassign a number of virtual functions 514, 515, 516, 524, 525, 526, 534,535, 536, to a number of virtual machines. For example, virtual machine1 550 can be assigned by the hypervisor 511 to virtual function 1 514.Hypervisor 511 can additionally assign virtual machine 2 551 to virtualfunction 2 515, and virtual machine 3 552 to virtual function 3 516.Hypervisor 531 can, in turn, assign virtual machine 4 553 to virtualfunction 1 534. The hypervisors can access the host channel adaptersthrough a fully featured physical function 513, 523, 533, on each of thehost channel adapters.

In accordance with an embodiment, each of the switches 501-504 cancomprise a number of ports (not shown), which are used in setting alinear forwarding table in order to direct traffic within the networkswitched environment 700.

In accordance with an embodiment, the virtual switches 512, 522, and532, can be handled by their respective hypervisors 511, 521, 531. Insuch a vSwitch architecture each virtual function is a complete virtualHost Channel Adapter (vHCA), meaning that the VM assigned to a VF isassigned a complete set of IB addresses (e.g., GID, GUID, LID) and adedicated QP space in the hardware. For the rest of the network and theSM (not shown), the HCAs 510, 520, and 530 look like a switch, via thevirtual switches, with additional nodes connected to them.

In accordance with an embodiment, the present disclosure provides asystem and method for providing a vSwitch architecture with dynamic LIDassignment. Referring to FIG. 8, the LIDs are dynamically assigned tothe various physical functions 513, 523, 533, with physical function 513receiving LID 1, physical function 523 receiving LID 2, and physicalfunction 533 receiving LID 3. Those virtual functions that areassociated with an active virtual machine can also receive a dynamicallyassigned LID. For example, because virtual machine 1 550 is active andassociated with virtual function 1 514, virtual function 514 can beassigned LID 5. Likewise, virtual function 2 515, virtual function 3516, and virtual function 1 534 are each associated with an activevirtual function. Because of this, these virtual functions are assignedLIDs, with LID 7 being assigned to virtual function 2 515, LID 11 beingassigned to virtual function 3 516, and LID 9 being assigned to virtualfunction 1 534. Unlike vSwitch with prepopulated LIDs, those virtualfunctions not currently associated with an active virtual machine do notreceive a LID assignment.

In accordance with an embodiment, with the dynamic LID assignment, theinitial path computation can be substantially reduced. When the networkis booting for the first time and no VMs are present then a relativelysmall number of LIDs can be used for the initial path calculation andLFT distribution.

In accordance with an embodiment, much like physical host channeladapters can have more than one port (two ports are common forredundancy), virtual HCAs can also be represented with two ports and beconnected via one, two or more virtual switches to the external IBsubnet.

In accordance with an embodiment, when a new VM is created in a systemutilizing vSwitch with dynamic LID assignment, a free VM slot is foundin order to decide on which hypervisor to boot the newly added VM, and aunique non-used unicast LID is found as well. However, there are noknown paths in the network and the LFTs of the switches for handling thenewly added LID. Computing a new set of paths in order to handle thenewly added VM is not desirable in a dynamic environment where severalVMs may be booted every minute. In large IB subnets, computing a new setof routes can take several minutes, and this procedure would have torepeat each time a new VM is booted.

Advantageously, in accordance with an embodiment, because all the VFs ina hypervisor share the same uplink with the PF, there is no need tocompute a new set of routes. It is only needed to iterate through theLFTs of all the physical switches in the network, copy the forwardingport from the LID entry that belongs to the PF of the hypervisor—wherethe VM is created—to the newly added LID, and send a single SMP toupdate the corresponding LFT block of the particular switch. Thus thesystem and method avoids the need to compute a new set of routes.

In accordance with an embodiment, the LIDs assigned in the vSwitch withdynamic LID assignment architecture do not have to be sequential. Whencomparing the LIDs assigned on VMs on each hypervisor in vSwitch withprepopulated LIDs versus vSwitch with dynamic LID assignment, it isnotable that the LIDs assigned in the dynamic LID assignmentarchitecture are non-sequential, while those prepopulated in aresequential in nature. In the vSwitch dynamic LID assignmentarchitecture, when a new VM is created, the next available LID is usedthroughout the lifetime of the VM. Conversely, in a vSwitch withprepopulated LIDs, each VM inherits the LID that is already assigned tothe corresponding VF, and in a network without live migrations, VMsconsecutively attached to a given VF get the same LID.

In accordance with an embodiment, the vSwitch with dynamic LIDassignment architecture can resolve the drawbacks of the vSwitch withprepopulated LIDs architecture model at a cost of some additionalnetwork and runtime SM overhead. Each time a VM is created, the LFTs ofthe physical switches in the subnet are updated with the newly added LIDassociated with the created VM. One subnet management packet (SMP) perswitch is needed to be sent for this operation. The LMC-likefunctionality is also not available, because each VM is using the samepath as its host hypervisor. However, there is no limitation on thetotal amount of VFs present in all hypervisors, and the number of VFsmay exceed that of the unicast LID limit. Of course, not all of the VFsare allowed to be attached on active VMs simultaneously if this is thecase, but having more spare hypervisors and VFs adds flexibility fordisaster recovery and optimization of fragmented networks when operatingclose to the unicast LID limit.

InfiniBand SR-IOV Architecture Models—vSwitch with Dynamic LIDAssignment and Prepopulated LIDs

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary vSwitch architecture with vSwitch with dynamicLID assignment and prepopulated LIDs, in accordance with an embodiment.As depicted in the figure, a number of switches 501-504 can providecommunication within the network switched environment 800 (e.g., an IBsubnet) between members of a fabric, such as an InfiniBand fabric. Thefabric can include a number of hardware devices, such as host channeladapters 510, 520, 530. Each of the host channel adapters 510, 520, 530,can in turn interact with a hypervisor 511, 521, and 531, respectively.Each hypervisor can, in turn, in conjunction with the host channeladapter it interacts with, setup and assign a number of virtualfunctions 514, 515, 516, 524, 525, 526, 534, 535, 536, to a number ofvirtual machines. For example, virtual machine 1 550 can be assigned bythe hypervisor 511 to virtual function 1 514. Hypervisor 511 canadditionally assign virtual machine 2 551 to virtual function 2 515.Hypervisor 521 can assign virtual machine 3 552 to virtual function 3526. Hypervisor 531 can, in turn, assign virtual machine 4 553 tovirtual function 2 535. The hypervisors can access the host channeladapters through a fully featured physical function 513, 523, 533, oneach of the host channel adapters.

In accordance with an embodiment, each of the switches 501-504 cancomprise a number of ports (not shown), which are used in setting alinear forwarding table in order to direct traffic within the networkswitched environment 800.

In accordance with an embodiment, the virtual switches 512, 522, and532, can be handled by their respective hypervisors 511, 521, 531. Insuch a vSwitch architecture each virtual function is a complete virtualHost Channel Adapter (vHCA), meaning that the VM assigned to a VF isassigned a complete set of IB addresses (e.g., GID, GUID, LID) and adedicated QP space in the hardware. For the rest of the network and theSM (not shown), the HCAs 510, 520, and 530 look like a switch, via thevirtual switches, with additional nodes connected to them.

In accordance with an embodiment, the present disclosure provides asystem and method for providing a hybrid vSwitch architecture withdynamic LID assignment and prepopulated LIDs. Referring to FIG. 9,hypervisor 511 can be arranged with vSwitch with prepopulated LIDsarchitecture, while hypervisor 521 can be arranged with vSwitch withprepopulated LIDs and dynamic LID assignment. Hypervisor 531 can bearranged with vSwitch with dynamic LID assignment. Thus, the physicalfunction 513 and virtual functions 514-516 have their LIDs prepopulated(i.e., even those virtual functions not attached to an active virtualmachine are assigned a LID). Physical function 523 and virtual function1 524 can have their LIDs prepopulated, while virtual function 2 and 3,525 and 526, have their LIDs dynamically assigned (i.e., virtualfunction 2 525 is available for dynamic LID assignment, and virtualfunction 3 526 has a LID of 11 dynamically assigned as virtual machine 3552 is attached). Finally, the functions (physical function and virtualfunctions) associated with hypervisor 3 531 can have their LIDsdynamically assigned. This results in virtual functions 1 and 3, 534 and536, are available for dynamic LID assignment, while virtual function 2535 has LID of 9 dynamically assigned as virtual machine 4 553 isattached there.

In accordance with an embodiment, such as that depicted in FIG. 9, whereboth vSwitch with prepopulated LIDs and vSwitch with dynamic LIDassignment are utilized (independently or in combination within anygiven hypervisor), the number of prepopulated LIDs per host channeladapter can be defined by a fabric administrator and can be in the rangeof 0<=prepopulated VFs<=Total VFs (per host channel adapter), and theVFs available for dynamic LID assignment can be found by subtracting thenumber of prepopulated VFs from the total number of VFs (per hostchannel adapter).

In accordance with an embodiment, much like physical host channeladapters can have more than one port (two ports are common forredundancy), virtual HCAs can also be represented with two ports and beconnected via one, two or more virtual switches to the external IBsubnet.

InfiniBand—Inter-Subnet Communication (Fabric Manacled

In accordance with an embodiment, in addition to providing an InfiniBandfabric within a single subnet, embodiments of the current disclosure canalso provide for an InfiniBand fabric that spans two or more subnets.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary multi-subnet InfiniBand fabric, in accordancewith an embodiment. As depicted in the figure, within subnet A 1000, anumber of switches 1001-1004 can provide communication within subnet A1000 (e.g., an IB subnet) between members of a fabric, such as anInfiniBand fabric. The fabric can include a number of hardware devices,such as, for example, channel adapter 1010. Host channel adapters 1010can in turn interact with a hypervisor 1011. The hypervisor can, inturn, in conjunction with the host channel adapter it interacts with,setup a number of virtual functions 1014. The hypervisor canadditionally assign virtual machines to each of the virtual functions,such as virtual machine 1 10105 being assigned to virtual function 11014. The hypervisor can access their associated host channel adaptersthrough a fully featured physical function, such as physical function1013, on each of the host channel adapters. Within subnet B 1040, anumber of switches 1021-1024 can provide communication within subnet b1040 (e.g., an IB subnet) between members of a fabric, such as anInfiniBand fabric. The fabric can include a number of hardware devices,such as, for example, channel adapter 1030. Host channel adapters 1030can in turn interact with a hypervisor 1031. The hypervisor can, inturn, in conjunction with the host channel adapter it interacts with,setup a number of virtual functions 1034. The hypervisor canadditionally assign virtual machines to each of the virtual functions,such as virtual machine 2 1035 being assigned to virtual function 21034. The hypervisor can access their associated host channel adaptersthrough a fully featured physical function, such as physical function1033, on each of the host channel adapters. It is noted that althoughonly one host channel adapter is shown within each subnet (i.e., subnetA and subnet B), it is to be understood that a plurality of host channeladapters, and their corresponding components, can be included withineach subnet.

In accordance with an embodiment, each of the host channel adapters canadditionally be associated with a virtual switch, such as virtual switch1012 and virtual switch 1032, and each HCA can be set up with adifferent architecture model, as discussed above. Although both subnetswithin FIG. 10 are shown as using a vSwitch with prepopulated LIDarchitecture model, this is not meant to imply that all such subnetconfigurations must follow a similar architecture model.

In accordance with an embodiment, at least one switch within each subnetcan be associated with a router, such as switch 1002 within subnet A1000 being associated with router 1005, and switch 1021 within subnet B1040 being associated with router 1006.

In accordance with an embodiment, at least one device (e.g., a switch, anode . . . etc.) can be associated with a fabric manager (not shown).The fabric manager can be used, for example, to discover inter-subnetfabric topology, created a fabric profile (e.g., a virtual machinefabric profile), build a virtual machine related database objects thatforms the basis for building a virtual machine fabric profile. Inaddition, the fabric manager can define legal inter-subnet connectivityin terms of which subnets are allowed to communicate via which routerports using which partition numbers.

In accordance with an embodiment, when traffic at an originating source,such as virtual machine 1 within subnet A, is addressed to a destinationat a different subnet, such as virtual machine 2 within subnet B, thetraffic can be addressed to the router within subnet A, i.e., router1005, which can then pass the traffic to subnet B via its link withrouter 1006.

PMA Attribute Represented as Vendor Defined SMA Attribute

In accordance with an embodiment, legacy systems (e.g., legacy IBsystems) can perform in-band monitoring of performance and errorcounters in an IB fabric via access to relevant Performance ManagementAgent (PMA) instances. However, subnet managers and other managementcomponents performing in-band collection of performance and errorcounters from nodes in an IB fabric can only access PMA instances andattributes through the use of normal data packets (i.e., not via SMPs).In addition, access to PMA instances and attributes is generallylimited, within legacy systems, to those links (physical and/or virtuallinks) that are active and fully operational. Further, because access toPMA instances and attributes is limited to normal data packets, suchoperations (i.e., checking for errors at a link) can then also besubject to congestion and back-pressure in the fabric.

In accordance with an embodiment, by including Vendor Specific SMAattributes that represents the same PMA attributes as the correspondingPMA would provide, it is possible to have in-band monitoring logic thatperforms the same set of logical operations on different nodes/ports butwith the ability to choose between using GMP based access (legacyaccess) or SMP based access.

In accordance with an embodiment, in the case of SMP based access of anSMA attribute comprising the PMA attributes, such monitoring will not bedegraded or slowed by congestion in the fabric as the SM Ps use adedicated virtual lane (VL15) that is not shared with regular datatraffic.

In accordance with an embodiment, in the case of using SMP based access,it is also possible to use directed route (DR) packets so that thefetching of traffic and error counters can use a pre-defined access paththat is independent of current address assignment and routing in thefabric.

In accordance with an embodiment, in legacy systems, all performancemonitoring and error counters are defined as performance managementagent attributes, and can only be collected in-band using performancemanagement packets (i.e., data packets, as opposed to managementpackets) which require that a link be activated by the SM. Put anotherway, if a subnet manager has not configured a link correctly, an entity,such as an SM, cannot monitor PM (performance management) statistics.Additionally, since data packets traverse a subnet using non-dedicatedvirtual lanes, congestion can delay or slow performance monitoring.

In accordance with an embodiment, therefore, it can be advantageous tocheck PMA attributes via a subnet management packet as the SMP traversesthe subnet on a dedicated virtual lane that is not congested and can beactive even when other virtual lanes are not.

In accordance with an embodiment, then, a new SMA attribute is defined.This new SMA attribute, which can be referred to as a Performance SMAAttribute, or PM PortCounters, or PMPortCountersExt, a system can beprovided where the same PMA attributes that were originally accessibleonly via data packets can instead be accessed via SM Ps. That providesan additional benefit that such SMPs can be direct routed (i.e.,geographical addressing) independently of whether the SM has set the LID(activated) for the queried port, or is in the process of updating orchanging the LID of the queried port.

FIG. 11 shows a system for representing PMA attributes as SMA attributesin a high performance computing environment, in accordance with anembodiment. More specifically, FIG. 11 illustrates a switch having aperformance monitoring attribute representing PMA attributes.

In accordance with an embodiment, and as depicted in FIG. 11, a switch1100 can comprise a number of ports, such as ports 1110-1133 (it isnoted that the number of ports shown in FIG. 11 is not illustrative norindicative of a usual number of ports at a given switch within a fabric,such as an InfiniBand fabric). The switch 1100 also comprises aperformance SMA attribute 1150, which can comprise the performancemonitoring statistics, such as error counters and performance statisticsprovided by the performance management agent 1155.

In accordance with an embodiment, a management component, such as thesubnet manager 1140 can, instead of sending a data packet to query theperformance monitoring statistics of a port of switch 1100, can insteadsend a SMP 1145 to query the performance SMA attribute 1150 to gatherthe performance monitoring data (e.g., error rates and performancestatistics).

FIG. 12 shows a system for representing PMA attributes as SMA attributesin a high performance computing environment, in accordance with anembodiment. More specifically, FIG. 12 illustrates a switch having aperformance monitoring attribute representing PMA attributes.

In accordance with an embodiment, and as depicted in FIG. 12, a switch1100 can comprise a number of ports, such as ports 1110-1133 (it isnoted that the number of ports shown in FIG. 12 is not illustrative norindicative of a usual number of ports at a given switch within a fabric,such as an InfiniBand fabric). The switch 1100 also comprises aperformance SMA attribute 1150, which can comprise the performancemonitoring statistics, such as error counters and performance statisticsprovided by the performance management agent 1155.

In accordance with an embodiment, a management component, such as thesubnet manager 1140 can, instead of sending a data packet to query theperformance monitoring statistics of a port of switch 1100, can insteadsend a SMP 1245 to query the performance SMA attribute 1150 to gatherthe performance monitoring data (e.g., error rates and performancestatistics).

In accordance with an embodiment, the SMP can be directed to port 1122,which can be logically connected to a number of virtual lanes, such asVL0 1260 through VL15 1261 (note that intermediate virtual lanes VL1through VL14 are not shown). As described above, a link within a subnetcan comprise a number of virtual lanes (VLs). VLs are separate logicalcommunication links that share a same physical link. Virtual Lanesenable multiple independent data flows to share a same link and separatebuffering and flow control for each flow. In general, each physical linkwithin a subnet, such as an InfiniBand subnet, can support up to 15standard VLs (designated VL0 through VL14), and one management VL(VL15). The management virtual lane, VL15, is generally given a greaterpriority than the data VLs, and is not flow-controlled at the link levellike the data VLs.

In accordance with an embodiment, when a link that supports virtuallanes VL0 1260 through VL15 1261 has not been configured by the subnetmanager 1140, VL15, which is the management virtual lane, can still beactive for the purposes of subnet management packets (i.e., in order toconfigure the switch or switch port, such as assigning a LID to theswitch 1100). Thus, because the VL15 1261 is active, while VL0 1260 isnot, the subnet manager 1140 can send subnet management packet 1245 viaVL15 1261 to access the performance SMA attribute 1150 that has itsperformance metrics populated by the performance management agent 1155.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart for a method for representing PMA attributes asSMA attributes in a high performance computing environment, inaccordance with an embodiment.

At step 1310, a performance management agent can gather, at a node of asubnet, performance metrics. Such metrics can include, for example,error counts and other performance metrics.

At step 1320, the performance management agent can populate theperformance metrics at a subnet management agent attribute.

At step 1330, the node of the subnet can receive, from a subnet manager,a subnet management packet requesting the performance metrics.

At step 1340, the performance metrics can be relayed, via the SMP, tothe management entity (e.g., a subnet manager).

FIG. 14 is a flowchart for a method for representing PMA attributes asSMA attributes in a high performance computing environment, inaccordance with an embodiment. At step 1410, the method can provide, atone or more computers, including one or more microprocessors, at leastone subnet, the at least one subnet comprising one or more switches, theone or more switches comprising at least a leaf switch, wherein each ofthe one or more switches comprise a plurality of ports, a plurality ofhost channel adapters, wherein the plurality of host channel adaptersare interconnected via the plurality of switches, a plurality of endnodes, each of the plurality of end nodes being associated with at leastone host channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters, anda subnet manager, the subnet manager running on a switch of the one ormore switches or a host channel adapter of the plurality of host channeladapters.

At step 1420, the method can provide, at each of the one or moreswitches, at least one attribute.

At step 1430, the method can provide a subnet management agent (SMA) ofa plurality of subnet management agents at a switch of the one or moreswitches.

At step 1440, the method can provide a performance management agent(PMA) at the switch of the one or more switches.

At step 1450, the method can monitor, by the performance managementagent of the switch of the one or more switches monitors, performancemetrics of the switch of the one or more switches.

At step 1460, the method can collect, by the performance managementagent of the switch of the one or more switches, the performance metricsof the switch of the one or more switches.

Features of the present invention can be implemented in, using, or withthe assistance of a computer program product which is a storage medium(media) or computer readable medium (media) having instructions storedthereon/in which can be used to program a processing system to performany of the features presented herein. The storage medium can include,but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, opticaldiscs, DVD, CD-ROMs, microdrive, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs,EPROMs, EEPROMs, DRAMs, VRAMs, flash memory devices, magnetic or opticalcards, nanosystems (including molecular memory ICs), or any type ofmedia or device suitable for storing instructions and/or data.

Stored on any one of the machine readable medium (media), features ofthe present invention can be incorporated in software and/or firmwarefor controlling the hardware of a processing system, and for enabling aprocessing system to interact with other mechanism utilizing the resultsof the present invention. Such software or firmware may include, but isnot limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems andexecution environments/containers.

Features of the invention may also be implemented in hardware using, forexample, hardware components such as application specific integratedcircuits (ASICs). Implementation of the hardware state machine so as toperform the functions described herein will be apparent to personsskilled in the relevant art.

Additionally, the present invention may be conveniently implementedusing one or more conventional general purpose or specialized digitalcomputer, computing device, machine, or microprocessor, including one ormore processors, memory and/or computer readable storage mediaprogrammed according to the teachings of the present disclosure.Appropriate software coding can readily be prepared by skilledprogrammers based on the teachings of the present disclosure, as will beapparent to those skilled in the software art.

While various embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, it should be understood that they have been presented by way ofexample, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled inthe relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The present invention has been described above with the aid offunctional building blocks illustrating the performance of specifiedfunctions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functionalbuilding blocks have often been arbitrarily defined herein for theconvenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined solong as the specified functions and relationships thereof areappropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries are thus withinthe scope and spirit of the invention.

The foregoing description of the present invention has been provided forthe purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Thebreadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by anyof the above-described exemplary embodiments. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to the practitioner skilled in the art. Themodifications and variations include any relevant combination of thedisclosed features. The embodiments were chosen and described in orderto best explain the principles of the invention and its practicalapplication, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understandthe invention for various embodiments and with various modificationsthat are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended thatthe scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for representing PMA attributes as SMA attributes in a high performance computing environment, comprising: one or more microprocessors; at least one subnet, the at least one subnet comprising one or more switches, the one or more switches comprising at least a leaf switch, wherein each of the one or more switches comprise a plurality of ports, a plurality of host channel adapters, wherein the plurality of host channel adapters are interconnected via the plurality of switches, a plurality of end nodes, each of the plurality of end nodes being associated with at least one host channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters, and a subnet manager, the subnet manager running on a switch of the one or more switches or one of the plurality of host channel adapters; wherein each of the one or more switches comprise at least one attribute; wherein a subnet management agent (SMA) of a plurality of subnet management agents is provided at a switch of the one or more switches; wherein a performance management agent (PMA) is provided at the switch of the one or more switches; and wherein the performance management agent of the switch of the one or more switches monitors and collects performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches.
 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising: wherein PMA populates the collected performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches at the at least one attribute of the switch of the one or more switches.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the switch of the one or more switches receives a request from the subnet manager seeking the collected performance metrics.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the request comprises a subnet management packet.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the request is received at a port of the switch of the one or more switches; and wherein the port of the switch of the one or more switches is logically connected to one or more virtual lanes.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the request is received at the port of the switch of the one or more switches over a prioritized virtual lane of the one or more virtual lanes.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the performance metrics comprise an error count.
 8. A method for representing PMA attributes as SMA attributes in a high performance computing environment, comprising, comprising: providing, at one or more computers, including one or more microprocessors, at least one subnet, the at least one subnet comprising one or more switches, the one or more switches comprising at least a leaf switch, wherein each of the one or more switches comprise a plurality of ports, a plurality of host channel adapters, wherein the plurality of host channel adapters are interconnected via the plurality of switches, a plurality of end nodes, each of the plurality of end nodes being associated with at least one host channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters, and a subnet manager, the subnet manager running on a switch of the one or more switches or a host channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters; providing, at each of the one or more switches, at least one attribute; providing a subnet management agent (SMA) of a plurality of subnet management agents at a switch of the one or more switches; providing a performance management agent (PMA) at the switch of the one or more switches; monitoring, by the performance management agent of the switch of the one or more switches monitors, performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches; and collecting, by the performance management agent of the switch of the one or more switches, the performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: populating, by the PMA, the collected performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches at the at least one attribute of the switch of the one or more switches.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: receiving, by the switch of the one or more switches, a request from the subnet manager seeking the collected performance metrics.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the request comprises a subnet management packet.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the request is received at a port of the switch of the one or more switches; and wherein the port of the switch of the one or more switches is logically connected to one or more virtual lanes.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the request is received at the port of the switch of the one or more switches over a prioritized virtual lane of the one or more virtual lanes.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the performance metrics comprise error counts.
 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, including instructions stored thereon for representing PMA attributes as SMA attributes in a high performance computing environment, which when read and executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform steps comprising: providing, at one or more computers, including one or more microprocessors, at least one subnet, the at least one subnet comprising one or more switches, the one or more switches comprising at least a leaf switch, wherein each of the one or more switches comprise a plurality of ports, a plurality of host channel adapters, wherein the plurality of host channel adapters are interconnected via the plurality of switches, a plurality of end nodes, each of the plurality of end nodes being associated with at least one host channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters, and a subnet manager, the subnet manager running on a switch of the one or more switches or a host channel adapter of the plurality of host channel adapters; providing, at each of the one or more switches, at least one attribute; providing a subnet management agent (SMA) of a plurality of subnet management agents at a switch of the one or more switches; providing a performance management agent (PMA) at the switch of the one or more switches; monitoring, by the performance management agent of the switch of the one or more switches monitors, performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches; and collecting, by the performance management agent of the switch of the one or more switches, the performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches.
 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, the steps further comprising: populating, by the PMA, the collected performance metrics of the switch of the one or more switches at the at least one attribute of the switch of the one or more switches.
 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, the steps further comprising: receiving, by the switch of the one or more switches, a request from the subnet manager seeking the collected performance metrics.
 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the request comprises a subnet management packet.
 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the request is received at a port of the switch of the one or more switches; and wherein the port of the switch of the one or more switches is logically connected to one or more virtual lanes.
 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the request is received at the port of the switch of the one or more switches over a prioritized virtual lane of the one or more virtual lanes; and wherein the performance metrics comprise error counts. 